Ingredient Encyclopedia

Welcome to the Ingredient Encyclopedia

Discover what’s inside your skincare — from retinol to aloe vera — with clear guides on benefits, uses, and safety.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Capryloyl Salicylic Acid (LHA) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 11, 2025
Capryloyl Salicylic Acid (LHA) is a gentle, slow-penetrating exfoliant that clears pores, smooths texture, reduces blackheads, and treats acne with minimal irritation. Ideal for sensitive, oily, textured, and acne-prone skin, LHA delivers BHA-like results without the harshness — making it one of the best modern exfoliants for balanced, clearer, healthier-looking skin.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Sulfur – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 11, 2025
Sulfur is a powerful clarifying mineral known for reducing breakouts, absorbing excess oil, unclogging pores, and soothing irritation-feel. This complete guide explains how sulfur works, who it suits, how to layer it safely, benefits, side effects, pairings, and expert-backed tips for clearer, calmer, more balanced skin. Perfect for oily, acne-prone, or congestion-prone routines.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Dehydroacetic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Dehydroacetic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses Dehydroacetic Acid is a targeted active that addresses tone, texture, or breakouts while supporting overall skin appearance. Key Benefits Improves look of tone/texture Targets fine lines/blemishes appearance Pairs with daily SPF Who Should Use It?Those with specific concerns like dullness, spots or texture Who Should Avoid It?Very sensitive or compromised barriers—introduce gradually How to Use It in a Routine Start 2–3x/week Apply after cleansing, before creams Use SPF daily VerdictUseful when well-formulated and used consistently; pair with moisturiser and daily SPF. 👉 Looking for a compatible product? Try our recommended formula. FAQs Is Dehydroacetic Acid suitable for sensitive skin?Often yes depending on formula; patch test if unsure. Can I combine Dehydroacetic Acid with other actives?Build gradually and avoid over-exfoliation/irritation. How long until I see results?Usually weeks of consistent use, alongside daily SPF. Related: Niacinamide · Retinol · Hyaluronic Acid

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Succinic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
In the 2026 clinical landscape, Succinic Acid has emerged as the "Intelligent Clarifier." Unlike traditional AHAs that force cellular turnover through protein denaturation, Succinic Acid works via metabolic signaling. It is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, meaning your cells recognize it. When applied topically, it helps regulate the skin’s sebum composition, effectively preventing the "hardening" of oils that leads to blackheads. Research in early 2025 highlighted its anti-glycation potential, suggesting it also helps prevent the "yellowing" or dullness of skin caused by sugar-induced collagen damage. For those dealing with "Adult Acne," it is prized for its ability to target P. acnes bacteria while simultaneously supporting the mitochondria—giving the skin the energy it needs to heal post-inflammatory marks faster.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Amino Acids Complex – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Amino Acids Complex is a biomimetic blend of the skin's natural "micro-sponges." While other ingredients force change, amino acids provide infrastructure support by replicating the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). Functioning as osmolytes, these molecules help skin cells maintain water balance under environmental stress—such as dry air-conditioning or harsh winds. Rather than a heavy coating, they provide a weightless, "skin-identical" hydration that restores flexibility to the stratum corneum. For those using high-strength retinoids or acids, an Amino Acids Complex acts as a biological buffer, improving skin tolerance and reducing the "reactive sting" often associated with active-heavy routines.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Polyglutamic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Polyglutamic Acid (PGA) is a high-performance biopolymer produced via fermentation that has revolutionized the "surface-glow" category of skincare. While Hyaluronic Acid is famous for pulling moisture into the skin, PGA is valued for its ability to form a breathable, hydration-preserving film that prevents water from escaping. With a molecular size typically larger than HA, it sits primarily at the surface to smooth micro-texture and provide an immediate "cushiony" bounce. Beyond simple hydration, PGA has been shown to inhibit the enzyme (hyaluronidase) that breaks down the skin's natural hyaluronic acid, effectively acting as a hydration stabilizer that makes your entire routine last longer.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Phytic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Phytic Acid is a plant-derived chelating agent and mild exfoliant that stands out for its "smart" approach to skin refinement. Unlike stronger Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) that aggressively dissolve cellular bonds, Phytic Acid works primarily by binding to mineral ions—like copper and iron—on the skin's surface. These minerals can otherwise trigger oxidative stress and contribute to a "filmy," dull complexion. By neutralizing these ions and providing a low-irritation resurfacing effect, Phytic Acid improves light reflection and tone clarity without the typical redness or peeling associated with chemical peels. It is the ideal "bridge" ingredient for sensitive skin types who want the benefits of exfoliation without compromising their barrier.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Ellagic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Ellagic Acid ($C_{14}H_{6}O_{8}$) is a naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidant that provides a "barrier-first" approach to skin brightening. Found in high concentrations in pomegranates and berries, it serves a dual purpose: it acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor to help regulate melanin production and functions as a powerful scavenger of free radicals. Unlike more aggressive acids, Ellagic Acid doesn’t rely on exfoliating the skin’s surface; instead, it provides an oxidative buffer, neutralizing the environmental stressors (like UV and pollution) that signal the skin to produce excess pigment. This makes it an ideal choice for stabilizing uneven tone and fading post-blemish marks without the risk of "inflammatory rebound."  

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Coenzyme Q10 ($C_{59}H_{90}O_{4}$), also known as Ubiquinone, is a fat-soluble, vitamin-like substance found in every cell of the human body. It acts as a vital co-factor in the Electron Transport Chain, the process by which mitochondria generate ATP (cellular energy). In skincare, Q10 serves a dual purpose: it is a potent antioxidant that protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation, and it acts as a biological "battery pack," providing the energy required for skin cells to repair damage and synthesize collagen. Because natural levels of Q10 peak in childhood and decline significantly after age 30, topical application is essential for maintaining the "bio-energy" needed to resist environmental aging and maintain structural density.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Ferulic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Ferulic Acid is a gentle antioxidant that helps brighten skin, improve tone, reduce early signs of ageing and support Vitamin C. This friendly guide explains how to use it, who it suits, when to apply it, and how to get long-term healthy, glowing skin 💛🌿.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Resveratrol – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Resveratrol ($C_{14}H_{12}O_{3}$) is a potent phytoalexin—a protective antibiotic produced by plants (like red grapes and Japanese Knotweed) in response to environmental stress. In human skin, it is celebrated as a "longevity molecule" because it activates Sirtuins (SIRT1), specialized proteins that help coordinate cellular repair and promote cell survival. By upregulating the Nrf2 pathway, Resveratrol doesn't just neutralize external free radicals; it triggers the skin's own internal antioxidant production. This makes it an elite choice for reducing the "background noise" of chronic low-grade inflammation (often called "inflammaging") that leads to premature sagging and uneven tone.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Copper Peptides (GHK-Cu) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Copper Peptides (1$C_{14}H_{22}CuN_{6}O_{4}$), specifically GHK-Cu, are among the most biologically sophisticated molecules in dermatology.2 A tripeptide consisting of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, it has a high affinity for copper, forming a complex that occurs naturally in human plasma.3 It acts as a "signaling molecule" that modulates the expression of a vast array of genes involved in skin remodeling.4 Unlike ingredients that simply provide building blocks, GHK-Cu instructs the skin to "reset" its repair cycles—upregulating collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans while simultaneously stimulating antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase.5 Its signature deep blue color is a natural result of the copper ions binding to the peptide chain.6

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Lactobionic Acid (PHA) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Lactobionic Acid (1$C_{12}H_{22}O_{12}$) is a third-generation Polyhydroxy Acid (PHA) formed by the oxidation of lactose.2 It is a complex organic acid that differs significantly from traditional AHAs due to its larger molecular weight (approx. 358 g/mol vs. Glycolic Acid's 76 g/mol).3 This size prevents the molecule from rushing into the skin, instead allowing it to exfoliate the surface gently and evenly.4 Beyond resurfacing, Lactobionic Acid is a powerful polyhydroxy bionic acid with eight hydroxyl groups, making it an exceptional humectant that can bind huge amounts of water.5 It also functions as a metal chelator, neutralizing oxidation triggered by iron in the skin, which helps preserve the collagen matrix from environmental degradation.6

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Mandelic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Mandelic Acid ($C_{8}H_{8}O_{3}$) is an aromatic Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) characterized by its significantly larger molecular structure compared to its peers. While Glycolic Acid has two carbons, Mandelic Acid features an eight-carbon aromatic ring. This increased molecular weight (approximately 152 g/mol) is the secret to its "gentle" reputation. It physically cannot travel through the skin's lipid layers as quickly as smaller acids, ensuring that exfoliation remains uniform and surface-level. Furthermore, Mandelic Acid is unique among AHAs for its lipophilic (oil-seeking) nature, allowing it to penetrate oily pores more effectively than Glycolic or Lactic acid, which are strictly hydrophilic.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Lactic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Lactic Acid is a gentle, hydrating AHA that refines texture and restores glow without irritation. This dermatologist-style guide explains how it exfoliates, brightens, and softens fine lines through science-based steps, comparisons, timelines, FAQs, and realistic results for lasting radiance.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Glycolic Acid – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Glycolic Acid ($C_{2}H_{4}O_{3}$) is the simplest and smallest Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA). Its molecular weight is approximately 76 g/mol, making it significantly smaller than Lactic (90 g/mol) or Mandelic (152 g/mol) acids. This tiny size allows it to penetrate the skin's surface more deeply and rapidly than any other AHA. Once absorbed, it works by thinning the stratum corneum and stimulating the production of new collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the dermis. Because it is highly hydrophilic (water-loving), it is exceptionally effective at breaking down the ionic bonds—often called "cellular glue"—between keratinocytes, resulting in rapid exfoliation and a signature "glass skin" glow.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (THD Ascorbate) is an oil-soluble, stable precursor of Vitamin C ($C_{50}H_{92}O_7$). In the hierarchy of Vitamin C, it is often called the "Deep-Diving Derivative." Unlike water-soluble L-Ascorbic Acid, which often struggles to get past the skin’s natural lipid barrier, THD Ascorbate’s fatty structure allows it to integrate seamlessly into the skin’s oily layers. Once inside, skin enzymes convert it into active Vitamin C. This unique delivery method makes it up to 4x more effective at penetrating the skin than traditional Vitamin C, while maintaining a neutral pH that significantly reduces the risk of surface irritation or "stinging."

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SAP) is a stable, water-soluble salt form of Vitamin C. While most Vitamin C derivatives focus solely on brightening, SAP is unique for its antimicrobial properties. Research indicates that in concentrations around 5%, SAP can be as effective as some prescription topicals for managing acne-causing bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes). Because it is non-acidic and stable at a pH of 7, it does not cause the stinging or "purging" often associated with pure Ascorbic Acid. It acts as a dual-purpose active: it neutralizes the free radicals that cause premature aging while simultaneously preventing the oxidation of sebum, which is a primary trigger for inflammatory breakouts.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (MAP) is a salt-based, water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C. In the hierarchy of skin brighteners, it is known as the "Steady State" option. While pure Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) is notorious for being unstable and irritating due to its high acidity, MAP remains stable at a neutral pH (around 6 to 7). Once absorbed, the skin’s enzymes convert MAP into L-Ascorbic Acid. Because this conversion happens within the skin rather than on the surface, you get the antioxidant and brightening benefits without the stinging, redness, or "metallic" smell associated with traditional Vitamin C serums.

Ingredient Encyclopedia

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

by ThankMeNow Editors on Sep 10, 2025
Your glow isn’t just appearance — it’s confidence made visible. Ascorbic Acid (pure Vitamin C) is dermatology’s most studied topical antioxidant. In the right formula, it defends against pollution and sunlight stress, evens tone, and supports firmness. Here’s your detailed, evidence-based guide to using it safely, effectively, and joyfully.