Ingredient Encyclopedia

Retinol – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses Retinol, a form of vitamin A, is one of the most studied skincare ingredients. It helps improve fine lines, uneven texture, and skin clarity by promoting cell turnover and stimulating collagen production. Over time, consistent use can visibly rejuvenate the skin and reduce the signs of aging. What is Retinol? Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin A derivative that converts into retinoic acid in the skin. This active form interacts with skin receptors to boost cell turnover, stimulate collagen and elastin production, and improve overall skin texture. Unlike prescription-strength retinoids, retinol is available over-the-counter and is generally well-tolerated when used correctly (DermNet NZ). Key Benefits Reduces Fine Lines & Wrinkles – Stimulates collagen production, improving skin elasticity and smoothing lines (PubMed) Improves Skin Texture – Enhances skin smoothness by promoting cell turnover (DermNet NZ) Treats Acne – Helps unclog pores and reduce acne lesions (PubMed) Evens Skin Tone – Reduces hyperpigmentation and promotes a brighter, more uniform complexion Photodamage Repair – Improves sun-damaged skin by repairing signs of photoaging Side Effects Retinol is effective but can cause temporary irritation, especially when first introduced. Common side effects include: Dryness and peeling Redness and irritation Increased sun sensitivity To minimize these effects, start with a lower concentration and gradually increase. Apply a moisturizer after retinol and always use sunscreen during the day to protect your skin. How to Use Retinol in Your Skincare Routine Start Slowly – Begin with 1–2 nights per week to allow your skin to build tolerance Apply After Cleansing – Use on clean, dry skin to enhance absorption Moisturize – Follow with a hydrating moisturizer to lock in moisture Use Sunscreen – Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher daily, as retinol increases sun sensitivity Avoid Mixing with Certain Actives – Separate use from AHAs, BHAs, or Vitamin C to reduce irritation Beginner Tips Introduce retinol slowly and monitor skin reactions Consider buffering with a moisturizer for sensitive skin Consistency is key – visible results often appear after 8–12 weeks If irritation persists, reduce frequency or consult a dermatologist References A Clinical Anti-Ageing Comparative Study of 0.3 and 0.5% Retinol – PubMed Topical Retinoids – DermNet NZ Topical Treatment of Photodamage – DermNet NZ Related Guides Niacinamide – Benefits and Uses Vitamin C – Brightening Your Skin How to Layer Skincare Products How to Transition to Retinol Safely 👉 Looking for a beginner-friendly option? Try our Renewal Night Serum, formulated with a gentle concentration of retinol to help you ease into your nighttime skincare routine.

Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) – Benefits, Side Effects & Uses Niacinamide (also called Nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 that has become one of the most trusted ingredients in skincare. Dermatologists recommend it for its gentle yet powerful effects on improving skin barrier function, evening skin tone, and reducing irritation. What is Niacinamide? Niacinamide is a water-soluble vitamin that works with your skin's natural biology. It helps build keratin (a key protein for strong, healthy skin), strengthens the skin barrier, and regulates sebum production. It is suitable for almost all skin types — including sensitive and acne-prone skin — making it a versatile addition to most routines. Key Benefits Strengthens the skin barrier: Reduces transepidermal water loss, keeping skin hydrated and plump. Minimises pores: Helps regulate oil production and makes pores appear smaller over time. Reduces hyperpigmentation: Inhibits melanosome transfer, leading to a brighter, more even complexion. Soothes redness: Calms irritation and reduces visible signs of inflammation. Anti-aging support: Stimulates ceramide production, softening fine lines. Balances oily skin: Regulates excess sebum without over-drying. Who Should Use It? Anyone with uneven skin tone or dark spots Those with oily or acne-prone skin People with redness or sensitivity Anyone looking to strengthen their skin barrier Who Should Avoid It? Most people can tolerate Niacinamide well, but those with known allergies or reactions to vitamin B3 should avoid it. If irritation occurs, try a lower concentration (2-5%) or use every other day. How to Use Niacinamide in Your Routine Apply after cleansing and toning but before heavy creams or oils. Works well with most actives, including hyaluronic acid and peptides. Avoid combining with very low pH formulas (like strong vitamin C serums) in the same routine to prevent flushing. Daily SPF is recommended to protect results. Verdict Niacinamide is one of the most beginner-friendly, research-backed ingredients in skincare. It delivers visible results for brightness, clarity, and overall skin health with minimal risk of irritation. 👉 Want to experience Niacinamide in your routine? Try our Hyaluronic Serum – For Clear Skin, formulated with Niacinamide to boost hydration and brighten your complexion. FAQs Can Niacinamide cause purging?No — Niacinamide is not an exfoliant, so it does not trigger purging. Breakouts may be due to another ingredient in your routine. Is Niacinamide safe during pregnancy?Yes, topical Niacinamide is generally considered safe, but always consult your doctor if unsure. What concentration should I use?Most studies show 2–5% delivers benefits with minimal irritation. Higher concentrations (10%) can be effective for stubborn concerns but may cause flushing in very sensitive skin. References: PubMed – Topical Niacinamide Study · NHS: Nicotinamide Information · American Academy of Dermatology: Niacinamide