Ingredient Encyclopedia

Glycolic acid is one of the most popular alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) used in skincare. Known for its ability to exfoliate the skin’s surface, glycolic acid helps to reveal smoother texture, boost radiance, and fade uneven pigmentation. This guide explains what glycolic acid does, who it suits, possible side effects, and how to safely add it to your skincare routine. What is Glycolic Acid? Glycolic acid is a water-soluble AHA derived from sugarcane. It has the smallest molecular size of all AHAs, which means it penetrates the skin effectively. It works by loosening the bonds (desmosomes) between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed more easily. This promotes cell turnover, resulting in a fresher, more even-looking complexion. Key Benefits Exfoliates Gently: Removes dull, dead skin cells for a smoother surface. Brightens Skin: Promotes a more radiant, even-toned complexion. Fades Dark Spots: Helps reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation and post-acne marks over time. Improves Texture: Smooths rough or uneven skin and softens fine lines. Boosts Absorption: Allows serums and moisturisers to penetrate more effectively. Who Should Use It? People with dull, rough, or congested skin looking for a glow boost. Those with uneven tone or dark spots seeking a more even complexion. Normal, oily, and combination skin types typically tolerate glycolic acid well. Who Should Avoid It? Those with very sensitive, rosacea-prone, or compromised skin barrier (consult a dermatologist first). People using multiple strong actives (like prescription retinoids) — use with caution to avoid irritation. Avoid during periods of intense sun exposure if SPF is not used consistently. How to Use It in a Routine Frequency: Start 1–2x per week at night, build up to 3x weekly as tolerated. Application Order: Use after cleansing and before serums or moisturisers. Moisturise: Always follow with a hydrating moisturiser to protect the skin barrier. Sun Protection: Use SPF 30+ daily — glycolic acid increases sun sensitivity. Concentration & Product Types Over-the-counter glycolic acid products typically range from 5–10% concentration, which are suitable for most skin types. Higher percentages (20–70%) are reserved for in-clinic chemical peels and should only be performed by trained professionals. Possible Side Effects Temporary redness or tingling after application. Dryness or peeling if overused or used with other exfoliants. Increased sun sensitivity — SPF is non-negotiable when using AHAs. Verdict Glycolic acid is one of the most effective ingredients for smoother, brighter, and more even-toned skin — but it should be introduced gradually and paired with moisturiser and SPF to avoid irritation. 👉 Looking for a beginner-friendly option? Try our Glow AHA Exfoliant for a gentle yet effective boost to your routine. FAQs Is Glycolic Acid safe for sensitive skin?It can be, if used at a lower concentration and less frequently. Always patch test and introduce slowly. Can I combine Glycolic Acid with other actives?Yes, but avoid layering with strong retinoids, scrubs, or other AHAs/BHAs in the same routine to minimise irritation. How long until I see results?Visible improvement in brightness and texture can be seen within a few weeks of consistent use. Related: Salicylic Acid Guide · Niacinamide Guide · Hyaluronic Acid Guide References PubMed: Glycolic Acid in Dermatology American Academy of Dermatology – Alpha Hydroxy Acids Healthline: Glycolic Acid Overview Written by: Sarah Mitchell, Skincare Writer & Brand Educator Reviewed by: Dr. Priya Kaur, Consultant Dermatologist