Ingredient Encyclopedia

Mandelic acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. Its larger molecular size makes it slower to penetrate the skin, which reduces irritation compared to glycolic acid while still promoting exfoliation and brighter, more even skin tone. This guide explains what mandelic acid does, who it suits, how to use it safely, and potential side effects. What is Mandelic Acid? Mandelic acid is an AHA that helps loosen the bonds between dead skin cells, encouraging gentle exfoliation. Because of its larger molecule, it penetrates more slowly and is less likely to cause stinging or redness, making it suitable for sensitive or reactive skin types. It can improve overall skin texture, reduce pigmentation irregularities, and support product absorption. Key Benefits Gentle Resurfacing: Smooths uneven texture without harsh irritation. Improves Skin Tone: Reduces appearance of hyperpigmentation and dark spots over time. Less Stinging than Glycolic: Ideal for beginners or sensitive skin types. Supports Cell Turnover: Encourages healthy, radiant skin over weeks of use. Can Help Reduce Blemishes: Mild antibacterial properties may assist acne-prone skin. Who Should Use It? Sensitive skin types looking for a mild exfoliant. Individuals with darker skin tones seeking gentle brightening without irritation. Beginners who want to introduce chemical exfoliation gradually. Who Should Avoid It? Those currently overusing other strong actives such as retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or other AHAs/BHAs. People with compromised skin barriers, eczema flare-ups, or open wounds. Those allergic to almonds or mandelic acid (rare). How to Use It in a Routine Use at night 1–3 times per week, depending on tolerance. Apply after cleansing and before serums or moisturisers. Follow with a nourishing moisturiser to maintain barrier integrity. Always wear SPF 30+ the following day, as AHAs increase sun sensitivity. Concentration & Formulation Most over-the-counter mandelic acid serums contain 5–10% concentrations, suitable for home use. Professional treatments can reach higher concentrations (20–40%) and should be done under dermatological supervision. Formulations may also include soothing ingredients like hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, or niacinamide to reduce irritation. Possible Side Effects Mild tingling or redness immediately after application (normal and temporary). Dryness or slight peeling if overused or layered with multiple actives. Increased sensitivity to sunlight; SPF is essential during daytime. Verdict Mandelic acid is a beginner-friendly AHA that gently exfoliates while improving tone and texture. Ideal for sensitive and darker skin types, it provides noticeable results with minimal irritation when used consistently. 👉 Ready to try mandelic acid? Discover our Mandelic Resurfacing Serum — a gentle yet effective serum for smooth, radiant skin. FAQs Is Mandelic Acid safe for sensitive skin?Yes, its larger molecule makes it gentler than many AHAs. Start slowly and moisturise afterward. Can I combine Mandelic Acid with other actives?Yes, but avoid layering with strong acids or prescription retinoids in the same routine. Consider alternating nights for best results. How long until I see results?Many users notice smoother skin within a week, with improved tone and radiance after 4–6 weeks of consistent use. Related: Lactic Acid Guide · Glycolic Acid Guide · Niacinamide Guide References PubMed: Mandelic Acid in Dermatology American Academy of Dermatology – AHAs Explained Healthline: Mandelic Acid Benefits for Skin Written by: Sarah Mitchell, Skincare Writer & Brand Educator Reviewed by: Dr. Priya Kaur, Consultant Dermatologist

Lactic acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that not only exfoliates dead skin cells but also helps boost hydration. It is one of the most beginner-friendly exfoliating acids, making it a great option for those with dry, sensitive, or mature skin. This guide explains what lactic acid does, who it suits, how to use it correctly, and what to watch out for. What is Lactic Acid? Lactic acid is a naturally occurring AHA derived from milk (though most modern formulations are vegan and lab-synthesised). It works by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed more easily. This leads to smoother, more radiant skin and improved product absorption. Unlike glycolic acid, lactic acid is slightly larger in molecular size, meaning it penetrates more slowly and is less irritating — perfect for beginners. Key Benefits Gentle Exfoliation: Provides a mild resurfacing effect suitable for most skin types. Hydrating Effect: Lactic acid is a humectant, meaning it attracts moisture and helps keep the skin plump. Smoother Texture: Softens rough patches and improves overall skin feel. Brighter Complexion: Promotes a more even, radiant skin tone over time. Supports Collagen Production: Regular use can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and improve firmness. Who Should Use It? People with dry or dehydrated skin who want mild exfoliation without irritation. Those new to chemical exfoliation and looking for a starter acid. Mature skin types seeking gentle cell turnover to improve radiance. Who Should Avoid It? Individuals with a damaged or compromised skin barrier (eczema flare, open wounds, or infection). Those using strong retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or other potent exfoliants daily — over-exfoliation may lead to redness and irritation. Anyone allergic to lactic acid (rare — patch testing recommended). How to Use It in a Routine Frequency: Start 1–2x per week in the evening, then increase to 3x per week if tolerated. Application Order: Use after cleansing and before serums/moisturisers. Follow with Moisturiser: Helps lock in hydration and maintain barrier function. SPF Daily: As with all AHAs, lactic acid increases sun sensitivity, so a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ is essential during the day. Concentration & Product Types Most over-the-counter lactic acid products range between 5–10% concentration, which is considered safe for regular home use. Professional peels may use higher concentrations (20–50%) and should be performed under dermatological supervision. Possible Side Effects Mild tingling or redness after application (normal and usually temporary). Peeling or dryness if used too frequently or layered with too many actives. Sun sensitivity — always pair with SPF. Verdict Lactic acid is an excellent choice for beginners or those with dry, sensitive, or mature skin who want gentle exfoliation and a hydration boost. When used correctly, it helps reveal smoother, brighter, more supple skin. 👉 Ready to try lactic acid? Discover our Lactic Glow Serum — a beginner-friendly formula designed for gentle exfoliation and hydration. FAQs Is Lactic Acid safe for sensitive skin?Yes, lactic acid is considered one of the mildest AHAs. Start slowly and always moisturise afterward. Can I combine Lactic Acid with other actives?Yes, but avoid layering with strong acids, physical scrubs, or prescription-strength retinoids in the same routine. Consider alternating nights. How long until I see results?Many users notice softer, smoother skin within a week, with more visible brightness and tone improvement after 4–6 weeks of consistent use. Related: Glycolic Acid Guide · Niacinamide Guide · Hyaluronic Acid Guide References PubMed: Role of Lactic Acid in Skin Physiology American Academy of Dermatology – AHAs Explained Healthline: Lactic Acid Benefits for Skin Written by: Sarah Mitchell, Skincare Writer & Brand Educator Reviewed by: Dr. Priya Kaur, Consultant Dermatologist

Glycolic acid is one of the most popular alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) used in skincare. Known for its ability to exfoliate the skin’s surface, glycolic acid helps to reveal smoother texture, boost radiance, and fade uneven pigmentation. This guide explains what glycolic acid does, who it suits, possible side effects, and how to safely add it to your skincare routine. What is Glycolic Acid? Glycolic acid is a water-soluble AHA derived from sugarcane. It has the smallest molecular size of all AHAs, which means it penetrates the skin effectively. It works by loosening the bonds (desmosomes) between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed more easily. This promotes cell turnover, resulting in a fresher, more even-looking complexion. Key Benefits Exfoliates Gently: Removes dull, dead skin cells for a smoother surface. Brightens Skin: Promotes a more radiant, even-toned complexion. Fades Dark Spots: Helps reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation and post-acne marks over time. Improves Texture: Smooths rough or uneven skin and softens fine lines. Boosts Absorption: Allows serums and moisturisers to penetrate more effectively. Who Should Use It? People with dull, rough, or congested skin looking for a glow boost. Those with uneven tone or dark spots seeking a more even complexion. Normal, oily, and combination skin types typically tolerate glycolic acid well. Who Should Avoid It? Those with very sensitive, rosacea-prone, or compromised skin barrier (consult a dermatologist first). People using multiple strong actives (like prescription retinoids) — use with caution to avoid irritation. Avoid during periods of intense sun exposure if SPF is not used consistently. How to Use It in a Routine Frequency: Start 1–2x per week at night, build up to 3x weekly as tolerated. Application Order: Use after cleansing and before serums or moisturisers. Moisturise: Always follow with a hydrating moisturiser to protect the skin barrier. Sun Protection: Use SPF 30+ daily — glycolic acid increases sun sensitivity. Concentration & Product Types Over-the-counter glycolic acid products typically range from 5–10% concentration, which are suitable for most skin types. Higher percentages (20–70%) are reserved for in-clinic chemical peels and should only be performed by trained professionals. Possible Side Effects Temporary redness or tingling after application. Dryness or peeling if overused or used with other exfoliants. Increased sun sensitivity — SPF is non-negotiable when using AHAs. Verdict Glycolic acid is one of the most effective ingredients for smoother, brighter, and more even-toned skin — but it should be introduced gradually and paired with moisturiser and SPF to avoid irritation. 👉 Looking for a beginner-friendly option? Try our Glow AHA Exfoliant for a gentle yet effective boost to your routine. FAQs Is Glycolic Acid safe for sensitive skin?It can be, if used at a lower concentration and less frequently. Always patch test and introduce slowly. Can I combine Glycolic Acid with other actives?Yes, but avoid layering with strong retinoids, scrubs, or other AHAs/BHAs in the same routine to minimise irritation. How long until I see results?Visible improvement in brightness and texture can be seen within a few weeks of consistent use. Related: Salicylic Acid Guide · Niacinamide Guide · Hyaluronic Acid Guide References PubMed: Glycolic Acid in Dermatology American Academy of Dermatology – Alpha Hydroxy Acids Healthline: Glycolic Acid Overview Written by: Sarah Mitchell, Skincare Writer & Brand Educator Reviewed by: Dr. Priya Kaur, Consultant Dermatologist